![]() ![]() The introduced shuttle vectors are maintained stably and can be recovered using a modified minipreparation procedure developed to inhibit endogenous DNase activity. modesticaldum is absolutely required for production of transconjugant colonies. Premethylation of the shuttle vectors before conjugation into H. Five heliobacterial DNA methyltransferase genes were expressed in an Escherichia coli strain engineered as a conjugative plasmid donor for broad-host-range plasmids. ![]() We adapted techniques for genetic manipulation of related clostridial species for use with H. While the species Heliobacterium modesticaldum is an excellent candidate as a model system for the family Heliobacteriaceae, since an annotated genome and transcriptomes are available, studies in this organism have been hampered by the lack of genetic tools. Several physiological and metabolic characteristics make them an interesting subject of investigation, including their minimalist photosynthetic system, nitrogen fixation abilities, and ability to reduce toxic metals. The heliobacteria are members of the bacterial order Clostridiales and form the only group of phototrophs in the phylum Firmicutes.
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